6 research outputs found

    The optical M\"{o}bius strip cavity: Tailoring geometric phases and far fields

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    The M\"{o}bius strip, a long sheet of paper whose ends are glued together after a 180∘180^{\circ} twist, has remarkable geometric and topological properties. Here, we consider dielectric M\"{o}bius strips of finite width and investigate the interplay between geometric properties and resonant light propagation. We show how the polarization dynamics of the electromagnetic wave depends on the topological properties, and demonstrate how the geometric phase can be manipulated between 00 and π\pi through the system geometry. The loss of the M\"{o}bius character in thick cavities and for small twist segment lengths allows one to manipulate the polarization dynamics and the far-field emission, and opens the venue for applications.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

    Super-directional light emission and emission reversal from micro cavity arrays

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    Optical microdisk cavities with certain asymmetric shapes are known to possess unidirectional far-field emission properties. Here, we investigate arrays of these dielectric microresonators with respect to their emission properties resulting from the coherent behaviour of the coupled constituents. This approach is inspired by electronic mesoscopic physics where the additional interference effects are known to enhance the properties of the individual system. As an example we study the linear arrangement of nominally identical Lima\c{c}on-shaped cavities and find mostly an increase of the portion of directional emitted light while its angular spread is largely diminished from 20 degrees for the single cavity to about 3 degrees for a linear array of 10 Lima\c{c}on resonators, in fair agreement with a simple array model. Moreover, by varying the inter-cavity distance we observe windows of reversion of the emission directionality and super-directionality that can be interesting for applications. We introduce a generalized array factor model that takes the coupling into account.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, supplemental materia

    Three-dimensional optical microcavities: from geometric phases to tailored far-field emission

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    Diese Arbeit behandelt dreidimensionale optische MikrokavitĂ€ten in Bezug auf ihre Resonanzmoden. Die optischen MikrokavitĂ€ten reichen dabei von Möbiusband-KavitĂ€ten ĂŒber zylindrische und kegelförmige RingkavitĂ€ten sowie kegelförmige Tube-KavitĂ€ten bis hin zu Arrays von Limaçon-KavitĂ€ten. Im ersten Teil werden flĂŒstergalerieartige Moden von dielektrischen Möbiusband-KavitĂ€ten mit Hilfe von FDTD-Simulationen untersucht. Die Topologie des Möbiusbands erlaubt die Entstehung einer geometrischen Phase und zwar der Pancharatnam-Phase. Darauf aufbauend wird untersucht, wie die Pancharatnam-Phase durch VerkĂŒrzung der LĂ€nge des verdrehten Anteils oder durch Erhöhung der Dicke des Möbiusbands manipuliert werden kann. Dabei untersuchen wir, wie die Polarisation und die Fernfelder der flĂŒstergalerieartigen Moden beeinflusst werden. Außerdem wird die Nonagon-Möbiusband-KavitĂ€t - eine Möbiusband-KavitĂ€t mit Querschnittsform dreifacher Rotationssymmetrie - eingefĂŒhrt, die ebenfalls eine Manipulation der Pancharatnam-Phase ermöglicht. Im zweiten Teil werden propagierende flĂŒstergalerieartige Moden in zylindrischen RingkavitĂ€ten, konischen RingkavitĂ€ten und konischen Tube-KavitĂ€ten mittels FDTD-Simulationen und vektorieller Beugungstheorie untersucht. Der propagierende Charakter der Moden ermöglicht die sogenannte Spin-Richtungs-Wechselwirkung des Lichts. Darauf aufbauend wird untersucht, wie die Fernfeldpolarisation durch die axiale Morphologie der flĂŒstergalerieartigen Moden und durch geometrische Eigenschaften der KavitĂ€ten wie die Öffnungswinkel von konischen Ring- und Tube-KavitĂ€ten beeinflusst wird. Mit Hilfe vektorieller Beugungstheorie wird ein qualitativer Zusammenhang zwischen den lokalen Eigenschaften der Moden im Inneren der KavitĂ€t und der Fernfeldpolarisation beschrieben. Dabei wird die Rolle von Beugung und PrĂ€zession des elektrischen Feldvektors um die KavitĂ€tenachse diskutiert. Es wird gezeigt, dass elliptische und zirkulare PolarisationszustĂ€nde im Fernfeld unmittelbar durch propagierende flĂŒstergalerieartige Moden auftreten, auch ohne inhomogenes oder anisotropes KavitĂ€tenmaterial. Im dritten Teil wird die Fernfeldabstrahlung von linearen Arrays bestehend aus Limaçon-KavitĂ€ten mithilfe von FDTD-Simulationen untersucht. WĂ€hrend das Fernfeld einer einzelnen Limaçon-KavitĂ€t gerichtete Emission aufweist, wird untersucht, wie sich diese gerichtete Emission in AbhĂ€ngigkeit der Arrayeigenschaften wie dem Abstand zwischen den KavitĂ€ten und der Anzahl der KavitĂ€ten Ă€ndert. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Abstrahlung des Arrays entweder weiter verstĂ€rkt (SuperdirektionalitĂ€t) oder sogar umgekehrt KavitĂ€ten werden kann (Richtungsumkehr).In this work, we study three-dimensional optical microcavities in terms of their resonance modes. The optical microcavities of interest range from Möbius-strip cavities to cylindrical and conical ring cavities as well as conical tube cavities to arrays of limaçon cavities. In the first part, we investigate whispering-gallery type modes of dielectric Möbius-strip cavities using FDTD-calculations. The topological properties of the Möbius strip involve the occurrence of a geometric phase, namely the Pancharatnam phase. Based on this, we study how the Pancharatnam phase can be manipulated by reducing the length of the part of the strip that is twisted or by increasing the strip thickness of the Möbius-strip cavity. In doing so, we investigate how the polarization properties and far fields of the whispering-gallery type modes are affected. Furthermore, the Nonagon Möbius-strip cavity - a different Möbius strip with cross sectional shape of three-fold rotational symmetry - is introduced that allows a further manipulation of the Pancharatnam phase. In the second part, we investigate propagating whispering-gallery type modes of cylindrical ring cavities, conical ring cavities and conical tube cavities using FDTD-calculations and vector diffraction theory. The propagating character of the modes enables the so-called spin-orbit interaction of light. Based on this, we study how the far-field polarization is affected by the axial morphology of the whispering-gallery type modes and by geometric properties of the cavities such as the opening angles of conical ring and tube cavities. We apply vector diffraction theory in order to describe a qualitative connection between the local properties of the whispering-gallery type modes inside the cavity and the far-field polarization. In this context, we discuss the role of diffraction and precession of the electric field vector around the cavity axis. We show that elliptical and circular polarization states in the far field result naturally from propagating whispering-gallery type modes in these cavities, even without inhomogeneous or anisotropic cavity material. In the third part, we study the far-field emission properties of linear limaçon-cavity arrays using FDTD-calculations. Whereas the far field of an individual limaçon cavity exhibits directional emission, we investigate how this directional emission changes depending on array properties such as distance between the cavities and number of cavities in the array. We find that by manipulating the distance between the cavities, the directionality of the array emission can be either further enhanced, representing the super-directionality, or even reversed, representing the directionality reversal
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